عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رَ ضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُ
قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -«مَنْ مَاتَ وَلَمْ يَغْزُ، وَلَمْ يُحَدِّثْ نَفْسَهُ بِهِ، مَاتَ عَلَى شُعْبَةٍ مِنْ نِفَاقٍ»
“He who dies without having gone or thought of going out for Jihad in the Cause of Allah, will die while being guilty of having one of the qualities of hypocrisy.” Related by Muslim.
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ رضى الله عنه
أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «جَاهِدُوا اَلْمُشْرِكِينَ بِأَمْوَالِكُمْ، وَأَنْفُسِكُمْ، وَأَلْسِنَتِكُمْ»
“Fight the disbelievers (polytheists) with your property, yourselves and your tongues.” Related by Ahmad, An-Nasai and Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا
قَالَتْ: «قُلْتُ: يَا رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ! عَلَى اَلنِّسَاءِ جِهَادٌ? قَالَ: «نَعَمْ. جِهَادٌ لَا قِتَالَ فِيهِ، اَلْحَجُّ وَالْعُمْرَةُ»
‘O Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam)! Is Jihad prescribed (also) for women?’ the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said, “Yes, a Jihad which is without fighting, it is Hajj and Umrah.” Related by Ibn Majah.
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِوٍ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا
قَالَ: «جَاءَ رَجُلٌ إِلَى اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَسْتَأْذِنُهُ فِي اَلْجِهَادِ. فَقَالَ: «حَيٌّ وَالِدَاكَ?«, قَالَ: نَعَمْ: قَالَ: «فَفِيهِمَا فَجَاهِدْ»
Abdullah ibn Umar (RAA) narrated ‘A man came to the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) asking his permission to go out for Jihad. The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) asked him, ‘Are your parents alive?’ He replied, ‘Yes.’ The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) then said to him, ‘Then your Jihad would be with them (i.e. in looking after them and being at their service.).’ Agreed upon.’
وَلِأَحْمَدَ، وَأَبِي دَاوُدَ: مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ نَحْوُهُ، وَزَادَ: «اِرْجِعْ فَاسْتَأْذِنْهُمَا، فَإِنْ أَذِنَا لَكَ; وَإِلَّا فَبِرَّهُمَا»
And they added the extra statement, “Go back and ask for their permission. If they permit you to go, then go for Jihad otherwise, be good to them (look after them).”
وَعَنْ جَرِيرٍ الْبَجَلِيِّ رضى الله عنه
قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -«أَنَا بَرِئٌ مِنْ كُلِّ مُسْلِمٍ يُقِيمُ بَيْنَ اَلْمُشْرِكِينَ»
“Any Muslim who stays among the polytheists, does not belong to me.” Related by the three Imams with a sound chain of narrators. Imam Al-Bukhari considered it as Mursal (i.e. the companion is absent from the chain of narrators.
وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا
قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -«لَا هِجْرَةَ بَعْدَ اَلْفَتْحِ، وَلَكِنْ جِهَادٌ وَنِيَّةٌ»
“There is no emigration (from Makkah to al·Madinah) after the conquest of Makkah, but only Jihad (in the Cause of Allah) and a good intention.”
وَعَنْ أَبِي مُوسَى اَلْأَشْعَرِيِّ رضى الله عنه
قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -«مَنْ قَاتَلَ لِتَكُونَ كَلِمَةُ اَللَّهِ هِيَ اَلْعُلْيَا، فَهُوَ فِي سَبِيلِ اَللَّهِ»
“The one who fights for Allah’s word to become Superior, is striving in Allah’s Cause.” Agreed upon.
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ اَلسَّعْدِيِّ رضى الله عنه
قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -«لَا تَنْقَطِعُ اَلْهِجْرَةُ مَا قُوتِلَ اَلْعَدُوُّ»
“Emigration (to fight the enemy) will continue as long as an enemy is fought.” Related by An-Nasai, and Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih.
وَعَنْ نَافِعٍ
قَالَ: «أَغَارُ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَلَى بَنِيَّ اَلْمُصْطَلِقِ، وَهُمْ غَارُّونَ، فَقَتَلَ مُقَاتِلَتَهُمْ، وَسَبَى ذَرَارِيَّهُمْ حَدَّثَنِي بِذَلِكَ عَبْدُ اَللَّهِ بْنُ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا» مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ
‘The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) made an attack on Bani al-Mustaliq when they were unaware. He killed the men who were lighting and took the women and children as captives.’ Abdullah ibn Umar told me about it. Agreed upon.
وَعَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ بُرَيْدَةَ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ
قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: إِذَا أَمَّرَ أَمِيرًا عَلَى جَيْشٍ أَوْصَاهُ بِتَقْوَى اَللَّهِ، وَبِمَنْ مَعَهُ مِنْ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ خَيْراً، ثُمَّ قَالَ: «اُغْزُوا بِسْمِ اَللَّهِ، فِي سَبِيلِ اَللَّهِ، قَاتِلُوا مِنْ كَفَرَ بَِاللَّهِ، اُغْزُوا، وَلَا تَغُلُّوا، وَلَا تَغْدُرُوا، وَلَا تُمَثِّلُوا، وَلَا تَقْتُلُوا وَلِيداً، وَإِذَا لَقِيتَ عَدُوَّكَ مِنْ اَلْمُشْرِكِينَ فَادْعُهُمْ إِلَى ثَلَاثِ خِصَالٍ، فَأَيَّتُهُنَّ أَجَابُوكَ إِلَيْهَا، فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ، وَكُفَّ عَنْهُمْ: اُدْعُهُمْ إِلَى اَلْإِسْلَامِ فَإِنْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ.
ثُمَّ اُدْعُهُمْ إِلَى اَلتَّحَوُّلِ مِنْ دَارِهِمْ إِلَى دَارِ اَلْمُهَاجِرِينَ، فَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَأَخْبَرْهُمْ أَنَّهُمْ يَكُونُونَ كَأَعْرَابِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ، وَلَا يَكُونُ لَهُمْ. فِي اَلْغَنِيمَةِ وَالْفَيْءِ شَيْءٌ إِلَّا أَنْ يُجَاهِدُوا مَعَ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ. فَإِنْ هُمْ أَبَوْا فَاسْأَلْهُمْ اَلْجِزْيَةَ، فَإِنْ هُمْ أَجَابُوكَ فَاقْبَلْ مِنْهُمْ، فَإِنْ أَبَوْا فَاسْتَعِنْ بَِاللَّهِ وَقَاتِلْهُمْ.
وَإِذَا حَاصَرْتَ أَهْلَ حِصْنٍ فَأَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تَجْعَلَ لَهُمْ ذِمَّةَ اَللَّهِ وَذِمَّةَ نَبِيِّهِ، فَلَا تَفْعَلْ، وَلَكِنْ اِجْعَلْ لَهُمْ ذِمَّتَكَ; فَإِنَّكُمْ إِنْ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَمَكُمْ. أَهْوَنُ مِنْ أَنَّ تُخْفِرُوا ذِمَّةَ اَللَّهِ، وَإِذَا أَرَادُوكَ أَنْ تُنْزِلَهُمْ عَلَى حُكْمِ اَللَّهِ، فَلَا تَفْعَلْ، بَلْ عَلَى حُكْمِكَ; فَإِنَّكَ لَا تَدْرِي أَتُصِيبُ فِيهِمْ حُكْمَ اَللَّهِ أَمْ لَا»
Call them to Islam, and if they agree accept it from them. Then invite them to migrate from their land to the land of the Emigrants (i.e. al-Madinah), if they refuse, then tell them they will be like the Muslim desert Arabs, thus they will have no right in the Ghanimah or Fai unless they participate in Jihad with the Muslims. If they refuse (to accept Islam) order them to pay the Jizyah and if they agree, accept it from them.
If they refuse, seek Allah, the Most High’s help against them and fight them. When you besiege a fortress, and its people wish you to grant them the protection of Allah and His Prophet, grant them neither but grant them your protection, for it is less serious (a lesser guilt) to break your guarantee of protection than to break that of Allah’s.
And if they offer to capitulate under the condition that they are subjected to the judgment of Allah, do not grant them this, but judge according to your own command, for you do not know whether or not you will be able to carry out Allah, the Most High’s Judgment regarding them. Related by Muslim.
وَعَنْ كَعْبِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رضى الله عنه
«أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ إِذَا أَرَادَ غَزْوَةً وَرَّى بِغَيْرِهَا»
Whenever the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) intended to go out on a battle, he would pretend to head in a different destination. Agreed upon.
وَعَنْ مَعْقِلٍ;
أَنَّ اَلنُّعْمَانَ بْنَ مُقَرِّنٍ قَالَ: «شَهِدْتُ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: إِذَا لَمْ يُقَاتِلْ أَوَّلَ اَلنَّهَارِ أَخَّرَ اَلْقِتَالِ حَتَّى تَزُولَ اَلشَّمْسُ، وَتَهُبَّ اَلرِّيَاحُ، وَيَنْزِلَ اَلنَّصْرُ»
By Ahmad and the three Imams. Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.
وَعَنْ اَلصَّعْبِ بْنِ جَثَّامَةَ رضى الله عنه
قَالَ: «سُئِلَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ عَنْ اَلدَّارِ مِنْ اَلْمُشْرِكِينَ.. يُبَيِّتُونَ، فَيُصِيبُونَ مِنْ نِسَائِهِمْ وَذَرَارِيهِمْ، فَقَالَ: «هُمْ مِنْهُمْ»
‘The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) was asked about the polytheists whose land was attacked at night with the probability that some of their women and offspring were killed or hurt.’ He said “They are from among them.” Agreed upon.
وَعَنْ عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهَا;
«أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ لِرَجُلٍ تَبِعَهُ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ: «اِرْجِعْ. فَلَنْ أَسْتَعِينَ بِمُشْرِكٍ»
Aishah (RAA) narrated that The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said to a man who followed him on the day of the Battle of Badr, “Go back I will not seek help from a Mushrik (polytheist).” Reported by Muslim.
وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا;
«أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَأَى اِمْرَأَةً مَقْتُولَةً فِي بَعْضِ مَغَازِيهِ، فَأَنْكَرَ قَتْلَ اَلنِّسَاءِ وَالصِّبْيَانِ»
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) saw a woman who was killed in one of his expeditions, so he disapproved the killing of women and children. Agreed upon.
وَعَنْ سَمُرَةَ رضى الله عنه
قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -«اُقْتُلُوا شُيُوخَ اَلْمُشْرِكِينَ، وَاسْتَبْقُوا شَرْخَهُمْ»
“Kill the mature men of the polytheists but spare their children.” Related by Abu Dawud and At-Tirmidhi graded it as Sahih.
وَعَنْ عَلِيٍّ رضى الله عنه
«أَنَّهُمْ تَبَارَزُوا يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ»
Ali (RAA) narrated that They (the Muslims and the polytheists) engaged in duel combat on the Day of Badr. Related by Al-Bukhari and Abu Dawud reported it as part of a long hadith.
وَعَنْ أَبِي أَيُّوبَ رضى الله عنه
قَالَ: إِنَّمَا أُنْزِلَتْ هَذِهِ اَلْآيَةُ فِينَا مَعْشَرَ اَلْأَنْصَارِ، يَعْنِي: ﴿ وَلَا تُلْقُوا بِأَيْدِيكُمْ إِلَى اَلتَّهْلُكَةِ ﴾ قَالَهُ رَدًّا عَلَى مَنْ أَنْكَرَ عَلَى مَنْ حَمَلَ عَلَى صَفِ اَلرُّومِ حَتَّى دَخَلَ فِيهِمْ
‘This verse was revealed concerning us (al-Ansar).’ He was referring to the verse, “And do not throw yourselves into destruction (Al-Baqarah 2:195). Abu Aiyub said that to answer those who disapproved of the action of those who attacked the Romans till they were amidst their army.” Related by the three Imams, and At-Tirmidhi, Ibn Hibban and Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.
وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا
قَالَ: «حَرَقَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَخْلَ بَنِي اَلنَّضِيرِ، وَقَطَعَ»
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) burnt the palm trees of Banu an-Nadir and cut them down. Agreed upon.
وَعَنْ عُبَادَةَ بْنِ اَلصَّامِتِ رضى الله عنه
قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -«لَا تَغُلُّوا; فَإِنَّ اَلْغُلُولَ نَارٌ وَعَارٌ عَلَى أَصْحَابِهِ فِي اَلدُّنْيَا وَالْآخِرَةِ»
“Do not be dishonest (and treacherous) about the war booty (i.e. steal from it before it is divided legally), as Ghulul will be like fire (for the ones who got involved in it) and a cause of disgrace to those who are guilty of it in this world and in the Hereafter.” Related by Ahmad, and An-Nasai, and Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih.
وَعَنْ عَوْفِ بْنِ مَالِكٍ رضى الله عنه
«أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَضَى بِالسَّلَبِ لِلْقَاتِلِ»
Auf ibn Malik (RAA) narrated, “The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) judged that the belongings taken from the (non-Muslim enemy) killed soldier in a war, are to be given to the one who killed him.” Related by Abu Dawud. Muslim reported it as part of a long hadith.
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ رضى الله عنه فِي (قِصَّةِ
قَتْلِ أَبِي جَهْلٍ) قَالَ: «فَابْتَدَرَاهُ بِسَيْفَيْهِمَا حَتَّى قَتَلَاهُ، ثُمَّ انْصَرَفَا إِلَى رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَأَخْبَرَاهُ، فَقَالَ: «أَيُّكُمَا قَتَلَهُ? هَلْ مَسَحْتُمَا سَيْفَيْكُمَا ?«قَالَا: لَا. قَالَ: فَنَظَرَ فِيهِمَا، فَقَالَ: «كِلَاكُمَا قَتَلَهُ، سَلْبُهُ لِمُعَاذِ بْنِ عَمْرِوِ بْنِ اَلْجَمُوحِ»
‘No.’ The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) then looked at the swords and said, “Both of you killed him.” He then ordained that the belongings (weapons, shields etc.) of Abu Jahl should go to Mu ‘adh ibn ‘Amro bin al-Jamuh.’ Agreed upon.’
وَعَنْ مَكْحُولٍ;
«أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَصَبَ اَلْمَنْجَنِيقَ عَلَى أَهْلِ اَلطَّائِفِ»
‘The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) set up the ballista while attacking the people of at-Taif’. Related by Abu Dawud with a trustworthy chain of narrators, but it is hadith Mursal.
وَوَصَلَهُ الْعُقَيْلِيُّ بِإِسْنَادٍ ضَعِيفٍ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ رضى الله عنه -
Al-‘Uqayli connected it (to the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam)) with a weak chain narrated by Ali (radiyallahu anhu).’
وَعَنْ أَنَسٍ رضى الله عنه
«أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ دَخَلَ مَكَّةَ وَعَلَى رَأْسِهِ اَلْمِغْفَرُ، فَلَمَّا نَزَعَهُ جَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ، فَقَالَ: ابْنُ خَطَلٍ مُتَعَلِّقٌ بِأَسْتَارِ اَلْكَعْبَةِ، فَقَالَ: «اُقْتُلُوهُ»
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) entered Makkah with a helmet on his head, and when he took it off, a man came to him and said, ‘lbn Khattal is hanging on to the curtains of the Kabah.’ The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) thereupon said, “Kill him.” Agreed upon.
وَعَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ جُبَيْرٍ;
«أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَتَلَ يَوْمَ بَدْرٍ ثَلَاثَةً صَبْراً»
‘The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) killed three men on the day of Badr while they were in bonds (by throwing arrows at them until they died).’ Related by Abu Dawud.
وَعَنْ عِمْرَانَ بْنِ حُصَيْنٍ رضى الله عنه
«أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ فَدَى رَجُلَيْنِ مِنْ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ بِرَجُلٍ مِنْ اَلْمُشْرِكِينَ»
Imran ibn Husayn (RAA) narrated that The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) exchanged two Muslim men from captivity for one polytheist. Related by At-Tirmidhi.
وَعَنْ صَخْرِ بْنِ اَلْعَيْلَةِ رضى الله عنه
أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «إِنَّ اَلْقَوْمَ إِذَا أَسْلَمُوا؛ أَحْرَزُوا دِمَاءَهُمْ وَأَمْوَالَهُمْ»
“If the people (polytheists) accept Islam they will protect their blood and property? Related by Abu Dawud.”
وَعَنْ جُبَيْرِ بْنِ مُطْعَمٍ رضى الله عنه
أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ فِي أُسَارَى بَدْرٍ: «لَوْ كَانَ اَلْمُطْعَمُ بْنُ عَدِيٍّ حَيًّا، ثُمَّ كَلَّمَنِي فِي هَؤُلَاءِ اَلنَّتْنَى لَتَرَكْتُهُمْ لَهُ»
‘The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said concerning the prisoners of war taken at Badr, ‘If al-Mutam ibn Adi had been alive and spoken to me about those filthy ones (as they were polytheists), I would have freed them for him. Related by Al-Bukhari.’’
وَعَنْ أَبِي سَعِيدٍ اَلْخُدْرِيِّ رضى الله عنه
قَالَ: «أَصَبْنَا سَبَايَا يَوْمَ أَوْطَاسٍ لَهُنَّ أَزْوَاجٌ، فَتَحَرَّجُوا، فَأَنْزَلَ اَللَّهُ تَعَالَى: ﴿ وَالْمُحْصَنَاتُ مِنَ اَلنِّسَاءِ إِلَّا مَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَانُكُمْ ﴾»
‘On the Day (the battle) of Autas, we took women captives who had husbands. The Companions felt uneasy to have any sexual relation with them. Then Allah, the Most High revealed the verse, ‘And women already married (are prohibited for you) except for those whom you possess. (An-Nisa 4:24).sent a Sariyah to Najd, and I was among them. They got many camels as spoils and each one’s share was twelve camels, and they were given an additional camel each.’ Agreed upon.’
وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا
قَالَ: «بَعَثَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَرِيَّةٍ وَأَنَا فِيهِمْ، قِبَلَ نَجْدٍ، فَغَنِمُوا إِبِلاً كَثِيرَةً، فَكَانَتْ سُهْمَانُهُمْ اِثْنَيْ عَشَرَ بَعِيراً، وَنُفِّلُوا بَعِيراً بَعِيراً»
‘The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) sent a Sariyah (a small army for Jihad) to Najd, and I was among them. They got many camels as spoils and each one’s share was twelve camels, and they were given an additional camel each.’. Agreed upon.
وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: «قَسَمَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ (صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ لِلْفَرَسِ سَهْمَيْنِ، وَلِلرَّاجِلِ سَهْمًا»
‘On the Day of Khaibar, the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) allotted two shares for a horse, and one share (from the war booty) for the fighter. Agreed upon and the wording is from Al-Bukhari.’
وَلِأَبِي دَاوُدَ: «أَسْهَمَ لِرَجُلٍ وَلِفَرَسِهِ ثَلَاثَةَ أَسْهُمٍ: سَهْمَيْنِ لِفَرَسِهِ، وَسَهْماً لَهُ»
‘He allotted three shares for a man and his horse, two for his horse and one for him.’
وَعَنْ مَعْنِ بْنِ يَزِيدَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا
قَالَ: «سَمِعْتَ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «لَا نَفْلَ إِلَّا بَعْدَ اَلْخُمُسِ»
‘I heard the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) say, ‘Additional booties (extra to the allotted share) are to be distributed only after the fifth has been kept aside.’ Related by Ahmad and Abu Dawud. At Tahawi graded it as Sahih.’
وَعَنْ حَبِيبِ بْنِ مَسْلَمَةٍ رضى الله عنه
قَالَ: «شَهِدْتُ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ نَفَّلَ اَلرُّبْعَ فِي اَلْبَدْأَةِ، وَالثُّلُثَ فِي اَلرَّجْعَةِ»
‘I witnessed the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) give a quarter (of the war spoils) as an additional booty (to a Sariyah) when they gained booty on their way out to the fight, He also gave a third (of the war spoils) as an additional booty when they gained it on their way back. ‘Related by Abu Dawud, Ibn al-Garud, Ibn Hibban and Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.’’
وَعَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا
قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يُنَفِّلُ بَعْضَ مَنْ يَبْعَثُ مِنْ اَلسَّرَايَا لِأَنْفُسِهِمْ خَاصَّةً، سِوَى قَسْمِ عَامَّةِ اَلْجَيْشِ»
‘The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) used to give some (members) of the Sariyah he sent out (i.e. some of the soldiers), additional booties especially for them, apart from the shares which are given to the whole army.’ Agreed upon.
وَعَنْهُ: «كُنَّا نُصِيبُ فِي مَغَازِينَا اَلْعَسَلَ وَالْعِنَبَ، فَنَأْكُلُهُ وَلَا نَرْفَعُهُ»
‘On our expeditions, we used to get honey and grapes (as spoi1s) and eat them while on our military expeditions, without bringing them to the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) (or whoever is in charge of distributing the spoils).’ Related by Al-Bukhari. Abu Dawud narrated, ‘The fifth was not taken from them.’ Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih.
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي أَوْفَى رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا
قَالَ: «أَصَبْنَا طَعَاماً يَوْمَ خَيْبَرَ، فَكَانَ اَلرَّجُلُ يَجِيءُ، فَيَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ مِقْدَارَ مَا يَكْفِيهِ، ثُمَّ يَنْصَرِفُ»
Abdullah ibn Abi Aufa (RAA) narrated, ‘On the Day of Khaibar, we got some food (as spoils). The man would come and take as much as he needed and then go away.’ Related by Abu Dawud. Ibn al-Garud and Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.
وَعَنْ رُوَيْفِعِ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ رضى الله عنه
قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -«مَنْ كَانَ يُؤْمِنُ بَِاللَّهِ وَالْيَوْمِ اَلْآخِرِ فَلَا يَرْكَبُ دَابَّةً مِنْ فَيْءِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ، حَتَّى إِذَا أَعْجَفَهَا رَدَّهَا فِيهِ، وَلَا يَلْبَسُ ثَوْباً مِنْ فَيْءِ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ حَتَّى إِذَا أَخْلَقَهُ رَدَّهُ فِيهِ»
“He who believes in Allah and the Hereafter must not ride on an animal belonging to the booty of the Muslims and put it back when he has emaciated it, or wear a garment belonging to the booty of the Muslims and put it back when it is worn.” Related by Abu Dawud and Ad- Darimi.
وَعَنْ أَبِي عُبَيْدَةَ بْنِ اَلْجَرَّاحِ رضى الله عنه
قَالَ: سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «يُجِيرُ عَلَى اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ بَعْضُهُمْ»
‘I heard the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) say, ‘Muslims must respect the protection granted (to a non-Muslim) by other Muslims.’ Related by Ibn Abi Shaibah and Ahmad with a weakness in its chain of narrators.’
وَلِلْطَيَالِسِيِّ: مِنْ حَدِيثِ عَمْرِوِ بْنِ الْعَاصِ: «يُجِيرُ عَلَى اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ أَدْنَاهُمْ»
At-Taialisi transmitted on the authority of ‘Amro bin al-‘As (RAA), ‘The right of giving protection to non-Muslims is extended to the most humble of the believers (and all Muslims must respect it and give him support).’’’
وَفِي «اَلصَّحِيحَيْنِ«: عَنْ عَلِيٍّ
«ذِمَّةُ اَلْمُسْلِمِينَ وَاحِدَةٌ يَسْعَى بهَا أَدْنَاهُمْ»
Al-Bukhari and Muslim transmitted on the authority of Ali (RAA), ‘The protection granted by one Muslim is like one given by them all, and this right is extended to the most humble of them.’
زَادَ اِبْنُ مَاجَه مِنْ وَجْهٍ آخَرَ: «يُجِيرُ عَلَيْهِمْ أَقْصَاهُمْ»
Ibn Majah narrated with a different chain of narrators, ‘And the most eminent gives protection on their behalf.’
وَفِي «اَلصَّحِيحَيْنِ«مِنْ حَدِيثٍ أَمِ هَانِئٍ: «قَدْ أَجَرْنَا مَنْ أَجَرْتِ»
Al-Bukhari and Muslim transmitted in the hadith of Umm Hani, “We have given protection to whom you have granted (protection).”
وَعَنْ عُمَرَ رضى الله عنه
أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ يَقُولُ: «لَأَخْرِجَنَّ اَلْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى مِنْ جَزِيرَةِ اَلْعَرَبِ، حَتَّى لَا أَدَعَ إِلَّا مُسْلِماً»
Umar (RAA) narrated, ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) say, ‘I will certainly expel the Jews and the Christians from the Arabian Peninsula so as to leave only Muslims in it.’ Reported by Muslim.’
وَعَنْهُ قَالَ: «كَانَتْ أَمْوَالُ بَنِي اَلنَّضِيرِ مِمَّا أَفَاءَ اَللَّهُ عَلَى رَسُولِهِ، مِمَّا لَمْ يُوجِفْ عَلَيْهِ اَلْمُسْلِمُونَ بِخَيْلٍ وَلَا رِكَابٍ، فَكَانَتْ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَاصَّةً، فَكَانَ يُنْفِقُ عَلَى أَهْلِهِ نَفَقَةَ سَنَةٍ، وَمَا بَقِيَ يَجْعَلُهُ فِي اَلْكُرَاعِ وَالسِّلَاحِ، عُدَّةً فِي سَبِيلِ اَللَّهِ»
Umar (RAA) narrated, ‘The wealth of Banu an-Nadir (one of the Jewish tribes) was part of what Allah bestowed on His Messenger, and which the Muslims had not ridden on horses or camels to get (i.e. they did not have to fight); so they belonged specially to the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) who would give his family their sustenance for a year, then applied what remained for horses and weapons and equipment in the Path of Allah, Who is Great and Glorious.’ Agreed upon.
وَعَنْ مُعَاذٍ رضى الله عنه
قَالَ: «غَزَوْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ (خَيْبَرَ، فَأَصَبْنَا فِيهَا غَنَمًا، فَقَسَمَ فِينَا رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ) صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ طَائِفَةً، وَجَعَلَ بَقِيَّتَهَا فِي اَلْمَغْنَمِ»
‘We went on an expedition to Khaibar along with the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) and we got some sheep (as spoils). Then the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) divided some of them among us and divided the rest with the other war booty,’ Related by Abu Dawud on the authority of reasonably reliable men.
وَعَنْ أَبِي رَافِعٍ رضى الله عنه
قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -«إِنِّي لَا أَخِيسُ بِالْعَهْدِ، وَلَا أَحْبِسُ اَلرُّسُلَ»
“I do not break a covenant or imprison messengers.” Related by Abu Dawud and An-Nasai. Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih.
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رضى الله عنه
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «أَيُّمَا قَرْيَةٍ أَتَيْتُمُوهَا، فَأَقَمْتُمْ فِيهَا، فَسَهْمُكُمْ فِيهَا، وَأَيُّمَا قَرْيَةٍ عَصَتْ اَللَّهَ وَرَسُولَهُ، فَإِنْ خُمُسَهَا لِلَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ، ثُمَّ هِيَ لَكُمْ»
“Whichever town you take peacefully (they surrendered without, fighting), and stay therein, you have a share in it (in whatever is obtained from it); and whichever town disobeys Allah and His Messenger, a fifth of (its booty) goes to Allah and His Messenger and what remains is yours. Related by Muslim.”
عَنْ عَبْدِ اَلرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ رضى الله عنه
«أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ (أَخَذَهَا) يَعْنِي: اَلْجِزْيَةُ مِنْ مَجُوسِ هَجَرَ»
Abdur Rahman ibn Auf (RAA) narrated, ‘The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) took the Jizyah from the Magians of Hajar.’ Related by Al-Bukhari.
وَعَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ، عَنْ أَنَسٍ، وَعَنْ عُثْمَانَ بْنِ أَبِي سُلَيْمَانَ;
«أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بَعْثٍ خَالِدُ بْنُ اَلْوَلِيدِ إِلَى أُكَيْدِرِ دُومَةَ، فَأَخَذُوهُ، فَحَقَنَ دَمِهِ، وَصَالَحَهُ عَلَى اَلْجِزْيَةِ»
Asim ibn Umar narrated On the authority of Anas and Uthman ibn Abu Sulaiman (RAA),The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) sent Khalid bin al-Walid to Ukaidir of Dawmat al-Jandal and they seized him and brought him to the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam). The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) spared his life and made peace with him on the condition that he should pay Jizyah. Related by Abu Dawud.
وَعَنْ مُعَاذِ بْنِ جَبَلٍ رضى الله عنه
قَالَ: «بَعَثَنِي اَلنَّبِيُّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ إِلَى اَلْيَمَنِ، وَأَمَرَنِي أَنْ آخُذَ مِنْ كُلِّ حَالِمٍ دِينَاراً، أَوْ عَدْلَهُ معافرياً»
‘The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) sent me to Yemen and he commanded me to take the Jizyah from everyone who has reached the age of puberty-one Dinar- or its equivalent in Maafiri (garments of Yemeni origin).’ Related by the three Imams. Ibn Hibban and Al-Hakim graded it as Sahih.
وَعَنْ عَائِذٍ بْنُ عَمْرِوِ الْمُزَنِيِّ رضى الله عنه عَنْ
اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «اَلْإِسْلَامِ يَعْلُو، وَلَا يُعْلَى»
“Islam is always superior and should never be surpassed.” Related by Ad-Daraqutni.
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رضى الله عنه
أَنَّ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «لَا تَبْدَؤُوا اَلْيَهُودَ وَالنَّصَارَى بِالسَّلَامِ، وَإِذَا لَقِيتُمْ أَحَدَهُمْ فِي طَرِيقٍ، فَاضْطَرُّوهُ إِلَى أَضْيَقِهِ»
“Do not start by saluting the Jews and the Christians (when you meet them), and if you meet any of them on the road, force him to go to the narrowest part of the road (i.e. do not give them positions of authority among you.)” Related by Muslim.
وَعَنْ اَلْمِسْوَرِ بْنُ مَخْرَمَةَ. وَمَرْوَانُ;
«أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ خَرَجَ عَامَ اَلْحُدَيْبِيَةِ. ….. فَذَكِّرْ اَلْحَدِيثَ بِطُولِهِ، وَفِيهِ: «هَذَا مَا صَالَحَ عَلَيْهِ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ سُهَيْلِ بْنِ عَمْرِوٍ: عَلَى وَضْعِ اَلْحَرْبِ عَشْرِ سِنِينَ، يَأْمَنُ فِيهَا اَلنَّاسُ، وَيَكُفُّ بَعْضُهُمْ عَنْ بَعْضِ»
‘The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) went out in the year of al-Hudaibiyah (reconciliation)- the narrator narrated a long hadith which contained, ‘this is what Muhammad ibn Abdullah has reconciled with Suhail ibn ‘Amro, to stop fighting for 10 years during which time people will live safely, and refrain from lighting one another…’ Related by Abu Dawud. It is part of a long hadith narrated by Al-Bukhari.’’
وَأَخْرُجَ مُسْلِمٍ بَعْضِهِ مِنْ حَدِيثِ أَنَسٍ، وَفِيهِ: «أَنَّ مَنْ جَاءَ مِنْكُمْ لَمْ نَرُدْهُ عَلَيْكُمْ، وَمَنْ جَاءَكُمْ مِنَّا رَدَدْتُمُوهُ عَلَيْنَا. فَقَالُوا: أَنَكْتُبُ هَذَا يَا رَسُولُ اَللَّهُ? قَالَ: «نَعَمْ. إِنَّهُ مِنْ ذَهَبٍ مِنَّا إِلَيْهِمْ فَأَبْعَدَهُ اَللَّهُ، وَمَنْ جَاءَنَا مِنْهُمْ، فَسَيَجْعَلُ اَللَّهُ لَهُ فَرَجاً وَمُخْرِجاً»
‘ln case any of you comes to us we shall not send him back to you (i.e. one of the Muslims who goes back to Quraysh), and in case any of us came to you, you should send him back to us (any of the people of Quraysh who goes to the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) they will send him back to Makkah).’
The Companions asked the Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam),O Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam)! Will you write this down? He replied, “Yes. May Allah send out of His Mercy any of the Muslims who goes back to them. But Allah will grant a way out for anyone who comes to us from them.”
وَعَنْ عَبْدِ اَللَّهِ بْنِ عَمْرِوٍ ; عَنْ
اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «مِنْ قَتْلِ مُعَاهِداً لَمْ يَرَحْ رَائِحَةَ اَلْجَنَّةِ، وَإِنَّ رِيحَهَا لِيُوجَدَ مِنْ مَسِيرَةِ أَرْبَعِينَ عَامّاً»
“Whoever kills a Muahid will not smell the fragrance of Paradise, even though its fragrance could be smelt at a distance of forty years.” Related by Al-Bukhari.
عَنْ اِبْنِ عُمَرَ رَضِيَ اَللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا
قَالَ: «سَابَقَ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ بِالْخَيْلِ اَلَّتِي قَدْ أُضْمِرَتْ، مِنْ الْحَفْيَاءِ، وَكَانَ أَمَدُهَا ثَنِيَّةِ اَلْوَدَاعِ. وَسَابَقَ بَيْنَ اَلْخَيْلِ اَلَّتِي لَمْ تُضَمَّرْ مِنْ اَلثَّنِيَّةِ إِلَى مَسْجِدٍ بَنِي زُرَيْقٍ، وَكَانَ اِبْنُ عُمَرَ فِيمَنْ سَابَقَ»
Sufian said, ‘From al·Hafiya’ to Thanyat al-Wada is a distance of live or six miles and from Thanyat- al-Wada to the mosque of Banu Zuraiq is a distance of one mile.
وَعَنْهُ; «أَنَّ اَلنَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ سَبْقَ بَيْنَ اَلْخَيْلِ، وَفَضْلِ اَلْقَرْحُ فِي اَلْغَايَةِ»
‘ Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) held a horse race and made the destination from the fully grown ones at a longer distance Related by Ahmad and Abu Dawud. Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih.’
وَعَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ رضى الله عنه
قَالَ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ -«لَا سَبْقَ إِلَّا فِي خُفٍّ، أَوْ نَصْلٍ، أَوْ حَافِرٍ»
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) said,Prize money is allowed only for racing camels, shooting arrows or racing horses. Related by Ahmad and the three lmams. Ibn Hibban graded it as Sahih.
وَعَنْهُ، عَنْ اَلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «مَنْ أَدْخُلُ فَرَساً بَيْنَ فَرَسَيْنِ (وَهُوَ لَا يَأْمَنُ أَنْ يَسْبِقَ) فَلَا بَأْسَ بِهِ، وَإِنْ أَمِنَ فَهُوَ قِمَارٌ»
“If anyone introduces a horse in a race with two other horses, when he is not certain that it cannot be beaten, there is no harm in it, but when he is certain (it cannot be beaten) it is then considered as gambling.” Related by Ahmad and Abu Dawud with a weak chain of narrators.
وَعَنْ عَقَبَةِ بْنُ عَامِرٍ رضى الله عنه
«: سَمِعْتَ رَسُولَ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَهُوَ عَلَى اَلْمِنْبَرِ يَقْرَأُ: ﴿ وَأَعِدُّوا لَهُمْ مَا اِسْتَطَعْتُمْ مِنْ قُوَّةٍ ﴾ «أَلَا إِنَّ اَلْقُوَّةَ اَلرَّمْيُ، أَلَا إِنَّ اَلْقُوَّةَ اَلرَّمْيُ، أَلَا إِنَّ اَلْقُوَّةَ اَلرَّمْيُ»
Uqbah ibn Amir (RAA) narrated, ‘I heard the Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) recite when he was on the pulpit, ‘And make ready against them all you can of power, including steeds of war (tanks, planes etc.)’(Al-Anfal 8:60), surely strength is in shooting (arrows); surely strength is in shooting, surely strength is in shooting.’ Related by Muslim.
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