وَعَنْ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ رضى الله عنه
قَالَ: «كَانَ رَسُولُ اَللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ (يُصَلِّي بِنَا، فَيَقْرَأُ فِي اَلظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ) فِي اَلرَّكْعَتَيْنِ اَلْأُولَيَيْنِ بِفَاتِحَةِ اَلْكِتَابِ وَسُورَتَيْنِ، وَيُسْمِعُنَا اَلْآيَةَ أَحْيَانًا، وَيُطَوِّلُ اَلرَّكْعَةَ اَلْأُولَى، وَيَقْرَأُ فِي اَلْأُخْرَيَيْنِ بِفَاتِحَةِ اَلْكِتَابِ». مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ. 11 صحيح
The Messenger of Allah (sallallahu alayhi wa sallam) used to lead us in prayer and recite in the first two Raka of the Zuhr and Asr prayers Surat Al-Fatiha and two (other) Surah. And he would sometimes recite loud enough for us to hear the Verses. He would prolong the first Raka, and would recite in the last two Raka Surat Al-Fatiha (only).
Bulugh al-Maram 348, Book 2, The Book of Prayer, Hadith 169. 1 min read